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A bound variable pronoun (also called a bound variable anaphor or BVA) is a pronoun that has a quantified determiner phrase (DP) – such as ''every'', ''some'', or ''who'' – as its antecedent.〔 Hendrick (2005): 103〕 An example of a bound variable pronoun in English is given in (1). (1) Each manager exploits the secretary who works for him. (Reinhart, 1983: 55 (19a)) In (1), the quantified DP is each manager, and the bound variable pronoun is him. This pronoun is a bound variable pronoun because it does not refer to one single entity in the world. Rather, its reference varies depending on which entities are encompassed by the phrase ''each manager''. For example, if ''each manager'' encompasses both ''John'' and ''Adam'', then ''him'' will refer variably to both ''John'' and ''Adam''. The meaning of this sentence in this case would then be: (2) John1 exploits the secretary who works for him1, and Adam2 exploits the secretary who works for him2. (Adapted from Reinhart, 1983: 55 (19a)) Where ''him'' first refers to John, and then to Adam. In linguistics, the occurrence of bound variable pronouns is important for the study of the syntax and semantics of pronouns. Semantic analyses focus on the interpretation of the quantifiers. Syntactic analyses focus on issues relating to co-indexation, binding domain, and c-command. ==Semantics: Quantifier Interpretation== Semantics is the branch of linguistics that examines the meaning of natural language, the notion of reference and denotation, and the concept of possible worlds. One concept used in the study of semantics is predicate logic, which is a system that uses symbols and alphabet letters to represent the overall meaning of a sentence. Quantifiers in semantics – such as the quantifier in the antecedent of a bound variable pronoun – can be expressed in two ways. There is an existential quantifier, ∃, meaning ''some''. There is also a universal quantifier, ∀, meaning ''every'', ''each'', or ''all''. Ambiguity arises when there are multiple quantifiers in one sentence. An example of the use of quantifiers is shown in (3). (3) ''Every man'' thinks ''he'' is intelligent. = ∀x(man(x)): x thinks x is intelligent. (bound) = For every man x, x thinks x is intelligent. ≠ Every man thinks every man is intelligent. (Carminati, 2002: 2(3a)) In this example, the quantified determiner phrase ''every man'' can be expressed in predicate logic as a universal quantifier. Because of this, ''he'' refers universally and variably to each man, rather than to a single specific man. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bound variable pronoun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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